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Alexander the Great Defeated in India - Part I

Alexander III of Macedon (20 July 356 BC – 10 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas Koine Greek , was a king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He launched unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to Northwestern India. It is claimed that he was undefeated in battles and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders. I intend to challenge that notion with this blog and make a case that Alexander was defeated in Punjab in 326 BC and escaped India badly bruised and in disarray. Alexander the Macedonian Conquest of Persia Persia was a powerful empire that had attacked Greece multiple times. Alexander broke the power of Persia in the decisive battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the A

Capital of Punjab - Lahore

Lahore has been the Capital city of Punjab for centuries. As one of the ancient cities of the Punjab region, it has since its creation changed hands from Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Muslim, Sikh and British rule to becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan. Origin of Lahore Name Ptolemy, the 2nd-century Greek astronomer from Egypt mentions in his Geographia, a city called Labokla being somewhere between the Indus River and Palibothra, (Patna). It was described as extending along the rivers Bidastes or Vitasta (Jhelum), Sandabal or Chandra Bhaga (Chenab), and Adris or Iravati (Ravi). Greek Map - Pentopotamia The oldest authentic mention of Lahore appears in Hudud-i-Alam (The Regions of the World) written in 982. In this document, Lahore is mentioned as a city inhabited by infidels having "impressive temples, large markets and huge orchards." It refers to "two major markets around which dwellings exist," and it also mentions "the

UFO - Unidentified Flying Object at Golden Temple Amritsar

Miracle at Harmander Sahib - Scientific Explanation In the modern technilogical context, the mention of UFOs is seen as conspiracy theory "hoax" and from the religious context, the Sikh theology has no concepts of aliens or UFOs. The topic for discussion here is an historical incident that happpened in the vicinity of Harmender Sahib popularly known as the Golden Temple of Amritsar. Harmander Sahib, Amritsar Darshani Deori The main entrance leading to the pathway to Harmandir Sahib is known as Darshani Deori. As soon as Guru Granth Sahib is taken for Sukh Asan (for Rest at Night) to Akal Takhat Sahib, the gates of Darshani Deori are closed from inside. Every morning devotees gather in front of the gate of Drashani Deori, recite the Shabads (hymns) till the gates are opened for the day. This Deori was beautified with marble and fresco work during the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The main doors of the Deori are decorated with gold sheets on one side and the other