My Malice and Bias

Sindhi Girls in Traditional Attire Imād ad-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim ath-Thaqafī (695 – 715) was an Umayyad general who invaded India from Damascus and conquered the Sindh and Multan region of Punjab along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Caliphate. This invasion of Sindh in 711 was the sixth Arab invasion of Sindh. Five earlier attempts were routed with great loss of Arab life and investment. The desire to extend the Caliphate to India was motivated by two reasons: "Jehad" mission to conquer India and impose Islam in the region Control the sea trade route via the strategic ports of Sindh Mohammad Bin Qasim in Sindh Chachnama The  Chach Nama  is the oldest chronicles of the Arab conquest of Sindh. It was translated in Persian by  Muhammad Ali bin Hamid bin Abu Bakr Kufi  in 1216 from an earlier Arabic text believed to have been written by the Thaqafi family (relatives of Muhammad bin Qasim). Chach Nama  is an historic d...

Artist Visualization of Indus Valley Port The people of Indus Valley have practiced the act of survival as an art. Its obvious that these people were merchants and traders by profession and not a militarized colony under a sovereign. In my opinion, most researchers have  failed to study the evolution of this business community in that region over last 5000 years.  Merchants of Indus Valley - artist visualization The Harrappan people of Indus Valley were engaged in trade with China, Persia, Mesopotamia, and Near East.  The Indus cities were connected with rural agricultural communities and distant resource and mining areas through strong trade systems. They used river boats and bullock carts for transport. This trade is reflected in the widespread distribution of exquisite beads and ornaments , metal tools and pottery that were produced by specialized artisans in the major towns and cities. Jewelry from Indus Valley Cotton, lumber, grain, livestock and ...