Sindhi Girls in Traditional Attire Imād ad-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim ath-Thaqafī (695 – 715) was an Umayyad general who invaded India from Damascus and conquered the Sindh and Multan region of Punjab along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Caliphate. This invasion of Sindh in 711 was the sixth Arab invasion of Sindh. Five earlier attempts were routed with great loss of Arab life and investment. The desire to extend the Caliphate to India was motivated by two reasons: "Jehad" mission to conquer India and impose Islam in the region Control the sea trade route via the strategic ports of Sindh Mohammad Bin Qasim in Sindh Chachnama The Chach Nama is the oldest chronicles of the Arab conquest of Sindh. It was translated in Persian by Muhammad Ali bin Hamid bin Abu Bakr Kufi in 1216 from an earlier Arabic text believed to have been written by the Thaqafi family (relatives of Muhammad bin Qasim). Chach Nama is an historic d...