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Raja Jayapala and Janjua Rajput Dynasty of Punjab

Jayapala , was the ruler of the Kabul Shahi dynasty from 964 to 1001 CE. His kingdom stretched from Laghman to Kashmir and Sirhind to Multan, with Peshawar being in the center. He was the son of Hutpal and the father of Anandapala. Epithets from the Bari Kot inscriptions in Swat Valley record his full title as " Parama Bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Sri Jayapaladeva " Raja Jayapala Janjua of Kallar Jayapala is known for his struggles in defending his kingdom against the Ghaznavids in the modern-day eastern Afghanistan and Punjab region. Jayapala saw a danger in the consolidation of the Ghaznavids and invaded their capital city of Ghazni both in the reign of Sebuktigin and in that of his son Mahmud, which initiated the Muslim Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi skirmishes. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more. Jayapala, however, lost control of the entire region between the K

Banda Singh Bahadur

Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev, also known as Bairagi Madho Das (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716) was a Sikh military commander who avenged the execution of two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh and destroyed the foundation of Mughal empire in Northern India. Banda Singh Bahadur Monument at Chappar Chiri Wazir Khan of Sirhind Sirhind the town located in Punjab India, which was the unfortunate witness to the the martyrdom of the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh in 1704. Wazir Khan, its Subadar (Governor) at the time had vowed to finish off the Sikhs, 'root and branch', after they had left Anandpur Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh with sons at Chamkaur Fortess Though the Sikhs had been given a promise of safe passage to Punjab, a promise written in the flyleaf of their holy book, the Qur'an which included the seal of the Emperor Aurangzeb. The Mughals supported by Hindu hill chieftains betrayed the promise and attacked the Sikhs from behind. Despite this, the

Flight to Mumbai

Well, I am not a frequent traveler to India and this is my first flight to Mumbai. I think it should be called Bombay as the Portuguese named it but the natives wanted to Indianize it ... So we all accept it as Mum-bai. I thought "Bai" or "Mai" was the lady who comes in the afternoon to clean the house and wash dishes. A Bai in Delhi I am a global traveler and take pride in my expertise to check in last minute so I know my baggage will come out first. Mostly, I avoid checking my baggage in as it reduces the probability of airlines losing your bag when you arrive at your destination. But the little Asian lady at San Francisco had some other thoughts.  Carry-on bag As usual, I was late for my check-in but confident that I will make it as I am a global traveler with TSE PreCheck. This helps me prevent an ignorant TSA asking me to scan my turban or do an hand scan. So, I was cruising on the TSE Precheck line to the annoyance of hundreds of passengers in t

Tale of Four Generals and a Babe with Bad Attitude

I would like to share a speculative tale that had been in circulation in the Indian Army for some time and makes an interesting read as a fictional work on the character of Indira Gandhi , the assassinated Prime Minister of India. Four Generals and a Babe The 1971 Indo-Pak War saw the humiliating defeat and surrender of Pakistani Army at the hands of Indian Army. There was a lot of celebration and claims for credit for this historic victory. Let's now look at some of the key characters of this period with a little humor and malice. The Babe: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi Indira Gandhi , the Indian Prime Minister was idolized as "The Iron Lady" by her sycophants and took full credit for the military victory in the international media. An impatient Indira Gandhi, backed by her eager-to-please Cabinet, wanted Sam Manekshaw to conduct a swift, surgical strike on East Pakistan and install a government led by Mujibur Rehman , the popular Bengali leader. In fact, she wanted th